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Sept. 4, 1928.

F. A. BYLES aacum'rmc SYSTEM Filed Max-ch10, 1927 Inventor. Frank A. Bgle His Attorn y- Patented Sept. 4, 1928.

. UNITED STATES PATIENT, OFFICE.

FRANK A. BYLES, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. 7

' 'REGULATING SYSTEM.

Application filed March 10, 1927. Serial No. 174,381.

When a. dynamo-electric machine is -utilized in an electrical system in which it is desirable to operate themachine either as a generator ora motor, depending upon predetermined conditions, it is desirable-to maintain constant a different electrical or operating characteristic of the machinefor different conditions of operation.

An object of my invention isto provide an improved system of regulation whereby :a' predetermined, characteristic may be automatically selected and maintained constant, depending upon the operating function of the dynamo-electric machine. I I

For purposesof illustration, I have shown my invention as applied to a motor generator set operated in connection with electric dynamonieters. The range of applications of V the electric dynamometcr is extremely wide,

and includes a diversity of services particularly in connection with internal combustion engines where it is used for example in making engine tests and investigations of carburetors, valves, pistons and lubrication. These various tests require operation of the dynamonicter either as a driving element or motor, or as an absorption element in which the dynamolneter is operated as a generator and arranged to feed back into a supply circuit. It will be apparent, however, that my invention is not limited to this particular application of a motor generator set operating; in connection with electric dynamometers but is equally applicable to any system in which the translating device supplied by the motor generator set may be operated-as a motor or as a generator.

My invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawing in which the single figure diagrammatically illustrates one embodiment of my invention, 1 indicates an "-z i-' ".=I."M29145? 3 alternating; current circuit connepted to a dynam o -electric 1 machine F2, and i 3 indicates a dlrect current clrcuit connected toadynamo-electric. machine .4. The dynamo-elec- --tric machines 2 and 4 constitutea motor generator set, and are connected to rotatetogether by means ofga suitablemechanical coupling indicated by the shaft '5. ,Thedynamo-eleetric machine 4 is provided with field winding 6 which is, connected across the direct current circuit. 3 with an adjustable regulating resistance Tconnected in series therewith.

j A counter-electromotive force re gulator 8 of the type .shownanjd described in Letters Patent No. 1365,566, granted to Louis W.

Thompson on January 11... 1921,/.is .utilized to regulate dynamo-electric machine 44. The regulator 8,gas shown, comprises a motor 9, the armature of which is provided .with a field winding 10, which is connected across the circuit 3. Inorder to prevent excessive variations in the speed of: motor.9 and give greater stability of rotation, a suitable brake 11 is provided therefor. As shown, the brake is of the magnetic drag type comprising a magnetic core 12 around which is positioned windings 13 and 14 and between the poles of which is the disk ll of conducting material which is connected to the armature of motor 9 so as to rotate-therewith. The winding 13 is connected in series with the armature of motor 9 and the winding 14 is connected across the armature of the motor so that the braking effect of the brake varies with the current through the motor and the counter-electromotive force of the motor.

The particular characteristic of the dynamoelectric machine 4 which. is maintained constant depends upon whether the. machine. is operating as a motor'or as a generator. In the particular embodiment shown. the circuit 3 is connected to translating devices lfifand 16 which have been diagrammatically illustrated to represent electric dynamometers comprising, respectively, rotating members -.description is-nccessary.

The counter-clcct-ro notlvc force regulator 8 is controlled by a vibrating relay 23 which comprises an operating coil 24 and-cooperating contacts 25 and 26 which are connected in a shunt circuit around t-he 'field winding '10 of the regulator motor and rapidly opened or closed 'in" accordance with *the "ener ization of coil24. -The energization o'f-coil 24 "is dependent upon theoperating'function of the dynamo-electric 'macliine 4. "When dynamo-le'ctric=1nacl1in-e-4is operatingas a-gener- -a'tor', coil 24 is'connect ed to berespomsiye' to the voltageof 'circnit'3 and operates toinaintaimconsta'nt voltage. 'aiid,when the-dynamoelect-ric machine 4 is operatingas ainotor, 't'he'coil -isc onnected to be -responsive to the voltage impressed uponheld windingG and operates to maintain 'constant fie ld voltage. In the latter case, an adjustable resistance 27 is connected in series'with coil 24 in order -to predetermine the fieId'VOlta'gethat will be maintained. i

p ,In' 'order to I control 'automatically "the -energization of coil I provide n relay 28 comprising an operatingcoil 29 and a movable-contact memberBO operated thereby and arranged to cooperate with stat-ionar vcontacts31and'32. Contactmembe1"30'is'biased "towardcon'tact'31"by a spring 'Coi'l 29 is connected acrossthe circuit 3 and is energized or deenergized depending upon the operation of a directional relay 34 which 'lor purposes of illustration is shown as-a relay oi the dynamometer type, although any suitable type of current or power directional rclay may be used. Relay 4 is shown as comr isin" a definitel )oiarized' iortion such as :1 held member 35 provided with an energizing winding 36'bctwcen the poles. of which an armature 37 is pivotally mounted. The armature 37 is provided with an energizing winding 38 and is arranged to control rela tively movable cooperating contacts 39 and '40 connected in series with the circuit of the operating coil of relay'QS. 'The contact 39 is shown-as the stationary contact andthe contact 40'is mounted for movement hy'thc armature'3 7. Thc armature 37 is'liiased to 'contact opening positionby the spring 41 against a stop '42. The winding 38 isconnected 'tohe energized in accordance with the current in the circuit 3 by being connected directly in series therewith or-as shown by being connected to a shunt 43 which is connected in series with circuit 3. 'The armature. is arranged to move and hold the contact 40 against the stop 42 with the current in one direction and thereby open the energizing circuit of the operating coil of relay 2S, and is arranged to move contact 40 into engagement with contact 39 against the bias of spring 41 to complete the energizing circuit of relay 28 with current in the opposite direction.

The operation of the illustrated cmbodi' ment is as -follows; Assumeithat the dynamoelectricnnachine 2&3 energized from the circuit l and operating as a motor to operate dynammelcctric machine 4 as a generator, which, in turn, is driving the translating devices 15"and- 1'6 as-motors. Under these assumptions the direction of currentfiow or power 'flowf will'be in such a direction 'that 're'lay '34 iiiairitaiiisjitslcolitacts 3'9 and 40 out of engagement to' inte'rrupt'thereby'the energizing circuit of'theaoperating 'coilof relay 28. The contact 1nember=30 of relay '28 will then assume thepos'itio'if'shown and-will close an energizing-circuit for coil 24 of the vibrating relay-23 from the circuit' 3. In

other word'sj-co'il 24"is' now connected to be I responsive to the voltage of machine '4-operating as a'gnerator; "The contacts 25 and 26 of relay 23 are adjusted initially-to open at a predeterminednormal'voltageand the field rl1eostat'7i's' adjusted behold a voltage somewhat abovethepredetermined normal value without the regulator. When the -dynamo-electric machine'4 builds mp, the -voltage impressed upon' the regulator8-causes its armature to rotate' rapidly-since' the high voltage causes the contacts 25 and-26 to 0 )en, putting maximuni =e'xci'tation"0n the eld winding 10 of regulator f8 The'counten clectromotive forceegenerated by'the motor opposes the field current infield winding 6 and at once lowers the generated voltage of dynamo-electric machine 4. When the voltage falls a predetermined amount, the contacts 25 and 26 close, short-circuiting the field winding 10 and thereby lowering the coun t-Pr-electromotive force to -permit the field current of winding 6 to increase. This causes the voltage of dynamo-electric machine 4 to rise again slightly and the same cycle is repeated. The contact action of rela v 23 isso rapid that an average field excitation is held on the counter-electrometive force motor.

Now, assume the translating deviceslfi and 16 are operated as generators such as would be the case'if an internal combustion engine is put under test in a. well known manner and arranged to drive the devices 15 and '16 as generators so 'thatthe energy delivered there to can be returned to the supply circuit 1. Under these assumptions, the direction of currcnt'flow would be in the reverse direction so that dynamo-electric machine 9 will operate as a generator to feed back energy to the circuit 1. Vith a reversal of current flow, relay 34 is arranged to move contact -'40 -llU jcircniftB and moves its'contaet member 30 into 23 across the field winding Gofdyhainmelectric-machine 4Q ustable resistance 27 is adjustedinitially so that for inverted operation the relay 23 will tend to hold such a voltage across the field winding 6 as to maintain satisfactory operation under the usual conditions of operation when feeding back into the supply circuit 1. Under these conditions the countenelectromotive force regulator 8 operates in a manner similar to that previously described to maintain constant the excitation voltage of field winding 6 and the amount of feed back to the supply system can be controlled by the operator at the dynamometer.

While I have shown and described a particular embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications mty be made without departing from my invention, and I, therefore, aim in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim asnew and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine adapted to operate as a generator or as a motor, regulating means adapted for controlling a plurality of predetermined electrical characteristics of said machine, and means responsive to an electrical characteristic of said dynamo-electric machine for automatically controlling said regulating means to govern one of said predetermined electrical characteristics when said dynamo-electric machine operates as a generator and to govern a different one of said predetermined electrical characteristics when said dynamoelectric machine operates as a motor.

9. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine adapted to operate as a generator or as a motor, a regulator for maintaining substantially constant a predetermined electrical characteristic of said dynamo-electric machine when operating as a generator, and a directional relay for controlling the operation of said regulator to maintain substantially constant a different predetermined electrical characteristic of said dynamo-electric machine when operating as a motor.

3. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine adapted to operate as a generator or as a motor, a regulator for maintaining substantially constant the voltage of said dynamo electric machine when operated as a generator, a relay connected to be responsive to the direction of the current traversing said dynamo-electric machine for controlling the operation'of said regulator to maintain sub- 'enga '*einent with contact This operation of relay 28 places ,coilj24 10f vib'ratingrelay.

stantially eoi'i'staiit the field voltage of said dynamo-electric machine when operating as a motor,

1-. In combination, a supply circuit, an clec trical unitcom 'irising two mechanically coupled machines one of which is connected to said supply circuit, said electrical unit being adapted to receive or deliver electrical energy to said supply circuit, a regulator for maintaining substantially constant the voltage of one of said dynamo-electric machines when operated to deliver electrical energy, and means for automatically modifying the operation of said regulator to maintain constant the field voltage of said one of said dyna1no-electric machines when operated to deliver electrical energy to said supply circult.

5. In asystem of distribution, a dynamoelectric machine, a second dynamo-electric machine, a circuit interconnecting said dynamo-electric machines, said second dynamoelectric machine being adapted to receive or deliver electrical energy to said first-mentioned dynamo-electric machine, a regulator comprising an operating coil for controlling said iii'st-n'ientioned dynamo-electric machine, and means responsive to the direction of energy flow of said first-mentioned dynamo-electric machine for controlling the connection of said operating coil for maintaining substantially constant the terminal voltage of said first-mentioned dynamo-electric machine when operating as a generator and for maintaining substantially constant the field voltage of said first-mentioned dy na1no-electric machine when operating as a motor.

6. In a regulating system for controlling a predetermined electrical characteristic of a dynan'lo-electric machine wherein the de sired regulation is effected by varying the excitation of a regulating dynamo, a vibratory device for controiling the excitation of said regulating dynamo comprising a winding responsive to the condition being regulated, switching means comprising a relay for changing the connection of said winding to said dynan'io-elez-tric masnine, and a directional relay for controlling said switching means in accordance with the direction of current traversing said dynamo-electric machine.

7. In a regulating system, a dynamo-electric machine, a field winding for said dynamo-electric machine a counter-electromotive force machine having its armature connected in series with said field winding, a field winding for said counter-electromotive force machine connected to be energized from said dynamo-electric machine, a vibratory device having an operating winding for controlling the energization of the field winding of said counter-elcctromotive force m chine, switching means adapted for connect- 

